What is pre-production? - Task 1
Pre-production is preparation you do before filming a film. Examples of things that may be done is storyboarding where the producers/director will sit together and decide how the storyline will be and what will happen and this is one of the first things they will do. Another part of pre-production will be that they will hire artists to help with props and make-up with the cast. Casting is also another part of pre-production as they will need to decided the actors for the film they are doing and the other parts like deciding who's going to film and do all the sound effects. Set designers is also another part as the producers will need people to decorate the set to the producers standards. Writers is also another part of pre-production as the producers won't really have time to do writing all the do so they will hire highly-qualified scrip writers for their film. Research is also another part of pre-production as they will need to research potential places where they can film and other research like possible tax rebatesif they film in specific countries. Resources will also need to be done like deciding a budget so financial resources and they will also need to get physical resources like props. Planning props is also another big part of pre-production so the producers will need to decide what props they need for each scene and how much they will allocate of there budget to it.
pRE-PRODUCTION research OF aVENGERS Infinity war - Task 2
Avengers infinity war was decided to be made in Edinburgh, New York, Brazil and Georgia.
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“the filmmakers were looking for something unique, Gothic and dramatic and Edinburgh’s Old Town with its medieval architecture fitted the bill. They were also looking for something they hadn’t seen in blockbusters of this scale and while the city is accustomed to filming, with over 350 productions a year, including most recently films like T2 Trainspotting, Avengers: Infinity War is the first production of this huge scale and truly global reach to choose Edinburgh, so it was a very exciting prospect and one that I’m pleased to say the city embraced wholeheartedly.”
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It is also estimated that the Avengers infinity war film had a budget of £300,000,000, which is another part of pre-production that film-makers have to do.
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The avengers cast also chose New York, Georgia and the UK as these countries over incentives like Tax rebates for feature films. The UK offers a 25% tax rebate of feature films that spend 10% of there film budget New york has a 40% tax rebate and Georgia offers a 30% tax rebate.
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The production company that funded the Avengers Infinity war film was Marvel studios which is a subsidiary of Walt Disney studios.
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The majority of the cast in Avengers infinity war were from the previous films in this franchise. The actors had done previous films for Marvel studios for example Iron Man, Spider-man and Captain America.
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There were 2 people who wrote the script for avengers infinity war and they were Stephen Mcfeely and Christopher Markus.
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The writers who created the Avengers infinity war spent around 9 months from September 2015 to May 2016 but they included the Avengers infinity war 2 (Avengers Endgame) when making those scripts so it would have been half that time to write the script for the film. Ideas for the script came from the original creator of the Avengers, Stan Lee.
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Source - https://www.vulture.com/2019/04/how-the-avengers-endgame-writers-crafted-a-3-hour-story.html
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Avengers Infinity war was supposed to be one film however as each part told completely different story lines so they decided to split into 2 different films with the other film being later called Avengers Endgame.
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Source - https://screenrant.com/avengers-infinity-war-filming-schedule-explained/
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Chris Evans had to be placed on high-protein diet to get into the appropriate shape of Captain America which also required him to go gym and it was over the course of 3 months and he needed to add 30 pounds of weight. He also says that they weren't normal gym sessions and that he was "puking" most of the time.
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Scarlett Johnassons had a shorter time frame to prepare herself for the role of Black widow as she only had 6 weeks and the diet was predominantly a vegan based diet. The reason for her being on a diet was so that she could build up her strength and flexibility to perform stunts that she was required to do.
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Source - https://screenrant.com/avengers-infinity-war-filming-schedule-explained/
Different media organisations - Task 3
IPSO - Independent press standards organisation
IPSO - Independent press standards organisation
MCPS
NUJ
PACT
The Cottage - Task 5
The film the cottage has been funded by private investors into the film, however the whole reason Williams got the funding was because he previously made a film "London to Brighton" which had a relatively small budget of £80,000 and became successful which lead people to investors believing that if they invested into the film "the cottage" that they could make a good return. However in the end it didn't work out for the film as it made a hefty loss as the budget was around £2.5 million and it only made a return of £1.5 million.
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Many companies previously used to use vertical integration which is where a film company will own the distribution company, production company and cinemas and this allows for the companies to shed costs as they own all of these companies. In the cottage the makers owned the production company for the film which was Steel mill pictures which allowed them to save on costs
London to Brighton - Task 5
London to brighton is a film about a prostitute called kelly who is reluctant to have sex with the older man so her pimp, Derek forces a 11 year old runaway girl to go with the older man, but then the plot takes a twist as the older man is then murdered and Kelly and the 11 year old take off to brighton.
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The film was funded with private equity from the UK films council new cinema fund with a budget of roughly £80,000. The producers of the film, Paul Williams and Ken Marshall predominatley used guerilla filming over the course of 19 days to film there film to keep costs low as they only had a budget of £80,000. They also kept costs low as they didn't pay the actors as the displayed as a opportunity to become a bigger actor which many them now have. They worked non-stop throughout the 19 days to create the film.
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The film was produced by steel mill pictures which was founded in 2005 and then distributed by Verigo UK. Steel Mill pictures was founded by Ken Marshall and Paul Williams.
Shifty - Task 5
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Veronica mars - Task 5
Crowd funding is where organisations or people with good ideas appeal to people for donations and offer incentives dependant on how much they donate. Rob Thomas, the producer of Veronica Mars wrote a feature film for Veronica Mars following the cancellation of the series, but after presenting to officials at Warner Bros. they decided not to fund the film. Rob Thomas then decided to start a crowdfunding campaign on kickstarter where they received the $2,000,000 goal in 11 hours and overall gained just over $5.7 million by 91,585 backers which is an average of just over $62 per donation. After the success of the crowdfunding it earned the green light from Warner Bros. distribution. Rob Thomas added incentives for people who donted more than $10, one of the bigger incentives was that if you pledged $10,000 then you would have a speaking role in the movie.
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A Prosumer is someone who is more than just a consumer and they would have more of a professional interest in the company. In the case of Veronica Mars the Prosumers are the people who donated to the film as they want it to succeed as they have funded it.
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Monsters - Task 5
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Theory of everything - Task 5
The film Theory of everything was produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce and Anthony Mccarten. The film is about the life of Stephen Hawking and what obstacles he had to overcome with the biggest being diagnosed with motor neurone disease and doctors telling him he had a life expectancy of 2 years left. The total cost of the film was $15,000,000 and it made a worldwide gross profit of over $123,000,000 so it was a big success. The distributors of the film were Universal pictures. The Audience that the producers aimed at were for a more mature audience however the BCC gave it rating of 12A so gives it a bigger audience range
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Synergy is where 2 or more organisations combine to produce a greater effect than the seperate organistions being on there own. Synergy was used in the film "Theory of everything" as the soundtrack of the film was licenced under universal music operations whilst working title focused more on the production of the film.
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The Distribution company of the film Universal pictures is owned by a company called Vivendi which owns many other companies such as bottled water which they sell in many countries, they also own many major mobile companies. They also have there own cinema companies which are Odeon and cineplex. They also own canal+ which is a french subscription channel which has 14 million subscribers over 11 countries in Europe. This in turn allows the to use horizontal integration as they own many media companies across the world and they could use this as a platform to advertise there films across these brands which allows them to shed costs of the films they make.
Life in a day - Task 5
The producer of life in a day was Liza Marshall. Life in a day was a film created from thousands of footage sent in from a specific day which was the 24th July 2011. The purpose of the film Life in a day was to forecast all the extraordinary moments around the world and it did it had births, deaths and to witness other cultures. The director Kevin MacDonald, had to a lot of press around the world to encourage people around the world to send in footage to be included into the film. As the film Life in a day was going to be a aired for free onto you tube, YouTube decided to give free advertising space for the film which allowed them to save costs. They also purchased over £40,000 worth of video cameras and shared them to people around the world so they could send in footage. The film also made just over $250,000. The film was produced by Scott free productions and was distributed by National Geographic films.
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We do live in the age of the prosumer because there are a lot of ways for people to be involved in being a fan of a film and then being a part of that film, one example can be that people who donate to filmmakers who don't have the finances to make a film through crowdfunding, as if they donate a certain amount they can be apart of a film.